The reason for the difference in pay between "women's jobs" and "men's jobs" is disputed. Many conservatives would argue that the difference in pay reflects a tendency of women to freely choose low-wage jobs because women prefer less dangerous or more flexible work. Many progressives would argue that both discrimination by employers, and sexist social expectations, tend to steer women into lower-paying occupations and men into higher-paying occupations.
Some economists, particularly conservative economists, have argued that the tendency of women to congregate in "women's jobs" has led to "occupational crowding," in which the high supply of applicants for "women's jobs" drives wages for those jobs downwards.]Sociologist and his colleagues calculated that if 1990 patterns held, if every labor market in the U.S. had men and women equally distributed across occupations, there would be no gender gap in earnings..
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